Individuals who have cockroach allergy usually end up with reactions upon exposure to their droppings. Cockroaches have been around for millions of years and are prevalent pests that infest human dwellings. Aside from spreading bacteria that can be transmitted to humans, cockroaches can also cause or aggravate allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Where are cockroaches found?
Cockroaches are present in all parts of the globe, especially in areas that have warmer climates. Even in cold climates, they are still present particularly in areas where humans live.
They are found both outdoors and indoors and some species depends on humans for survival. In most circumstances, cockroaches are found close to sources of food and water such as the kitchen or bathroom. They feed on trash, table scraps and pet food but can also eat other materials such as paper products and other forms of starch.
How cockroach allergy is triggered
The main allergens come from the droppings. These allergens tend to be heavy which is similar to a dust mite allergen and only become airborne during activities such as vacuuming or sweeping. The airborne particles enter the mucous membranes of the nose, eyes and lungs which instigates an allergic reaction among those who have cockroach allergy.
Diagnosis
Cockroach allergy is usually diagnosed in a same manner with other allergies with allergy testing. A skin test is considered as the most accurate and least costly way to diagnose the allergy, but a blood test can also be used to come up with a diagnosis.
Management
The treatment for cockroach allergy involves 3 main steps – avoidance, medications and immunotherapy. Avoidance of the pest involves removal of sources of food and water with cleaning measures such as taking out the garbage regularly, cleaning up any leftover scrapes of foot and storing pet food in a sealed container. If there is significant infestation, a commercial insecticide spray or bait traps can be used or simply call for a professional exterminator.
If avoidance is not enough to prevent the symptoms, medications might be used. The medications to be used is based on the symptoms experienced by the individual. Lastly, immunotherapy using the cockroach allergy has shown to be beneficial in managing various allergic diseases triggered by the allergy and in most cases, reduces or eliminates the need to use allergy medications.