Histoplasmosis is a form of infection involving the lungs brought about by inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum fungal spores. The spores are present in soil as well as droppings of birds and bats.
Generally, most cases do not require treatment. Nevertheless, those who have a weak or compromised immune system might end up with serious issues. The disease might progress and spread to other parts of the body.
What are the indications?
Many individuals who are infected by the fungus do not have any symptoms. Nevertheless, the risk for the manifestation of the symptoms is increased if the individual inhales more spores.
In case the symptoms arise, they generally manifest around 10 days after exposure such as:
- Fever
- Joint pain
- Dry cough
- Chest pain
- Reddened bumps on the lower legs
In severe cases, the symptoms that might arise include the following:
- Shortness of breath
- Excessive sweating
- Coughing up blood
Management of histoplasmosis
If an individual develops a mild infection, treatment is not usually needed. The doctor might require rest and an over-the-counter medication for the symptoms.
In case the individual has difficulty breathing or infected for more than a month, treatment is needed. An oral antifungal medication might be given but intravenous treatment is also required.
Some of the commonly used medications include:
- Itraconazole
- Ketoconazole
- Amphotericin B
For a severe infection, medications are usually given intravenously. In some cases, antifungal medication should be taken for up to 2 years.
Prevention
The risk for acquiring histoplasmosis can be reduced by avoidance of high-risk areas such as:
- Caves
- Construction sites
- Renovated buildings
- Chicken or pigeon coops
In case high-risk areas could not be avoided, there are measures to prevent the spores from getting into the air such as:
- Spraying sites with water before working or digging
- Use a respirator mask if there is high risk of exposure to the spores