Diphtheria is a potentially contagious and fatal bacterial infection that affects the nose and throat as well as the skin.
It rapidly spreads by sneezing or coughing or being exposed to an individual with the disease or objects belonging to them. The infection is generally acquired after close or prolonged contact to an infected individual. Nevertheless, the condition is rare since most have been vaccinated against it.
What are the indications?
- Thick, grayish-white coating at the rear part of the throat
- Sore throat
- Fever of 38 degrees F or higher
- Difficulty breathing
It rapidly spreads by sneezing or coughing or being exposed to an individual with the disease or objects belonging to them.
The elderly and individuals with a compromised immune system are at risk for the effects. In severe cases, diphtheria can be deadly.
Around 5-10% of cases can lead to death due to complications such as myocarditis, difficulty breathing or issues with the nervous system.
How is it diagnosed
A diagnosis of diphtheria is generally established by analysis of a sample of cells taken from the nose, throat or skin wound. A sample is analyzed to determine the presence of the bacteria responsible for the condition.
Management of diphtheria
Diphtheria should be promptly treated to prevent any serious complications from arising. In case the condition is suspected, treatment must be started before any tests results are confirmed.
Generally, the treatment includes antibiotics and antitoxin medications. If an individual is suspected with the condition, he/she is placed under isolation upon admission to a healthcare facility.
Those who end up with complications affecting the heart and nervous system require special treatment and usually admitted in an intensive care unit.
Importance of vaccination
Remember that all children must be vaccinated against diphtheria as part of the routine childhood vaccination program.
As for adults, they should consider getting a booster vaccine when travelling to areas in the globe where the disease is widely reported.