Hammertoes develop if the toe muscles and ball of the foot are not working together properly. The imbalance can drive the toes out of normal alignment in a few ways such as pulling back which forces the knuckle upwards or pinching against other toes.
The discomfort is initially mild but walking can become painful and difficult if it progresses. In case the toe completely retracts, it is hard to straighten out and might require surgery.
Contributing factors
- Wearing shoes that are too tight, too short, pointed or otherwise places pressure on the toes. The pointed high heels are the usual culprits.
- Flat feet or high arches
- Bunions that drive the 2nd toe out of place
- Arthritis or injury to the foot especially if it triggers an unnatural walking gait
Should I be worried if I have hammertoes?
If the condition progresses, walking triggers pain and can be difficult. In case the toes become significantly flexed or out of proper alignment and could not be unbent with other options, surgery might be needed.
Management and prevention
It is recommended to use shoes that have a wide toe box to avoid developing hammertoes. Shoes that have an extra depth and space can relieve the pressure when standing and walking on the toes.
In case the condition is already causing discomfort, certain recommendations can provide relief such as:
- Corn pads or cushions to minimize irritation and rubbing on the top part of the bent toe or toes
- Shoe inserts or orthotics to provide support and encourage the foot muscles to function as one.
In case the non-surgical treatment options are not effective and the condition continues to trigger pain and irritation, surgery might be recommended.