If an individual is suspected with a drug allergy, there are considerations to bear in mind such as the following:
- Ask about related drugs that the individual should avoid
- Ensure that all doctors of the individual are aware of the allergy and symptoms that typically manifest
- Ask about alternatives to the drug that triggered an allergic reaction
- The individual must use an emergency medical alert bracelet or necklace that identifies the allergy
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening reaction that can simultaneously affect two or more organ systems. Once this occurs, call for emergency assistance and seek medical assistance right away.
When caring for an individual who experiences a severe reaction to a particular drug, you have to inform the emergency personnel what drug was taken, when it was taken and the dosage. If the allergic reaction to the drug is not life-threatening, the doctor can provide the following:
- Antihistamine to counteract the allergic reaction
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen or even a corticosteroid to minimize the inflammation
Drug desensitization
In case there is no suitable alternative to the antibiotic that the individual is allergic to, he/she should undergo drug desensitization. This involves taking the drug in increasing amounts until the individual can tolerate the required dose with minimal side effects. This is carried out in the hospital so that immediate care is readily available if issues arise.
Remember that desensitization will only work if the individual takes the drug daily. Once the intake is stopped, the individual is required to go through desensitization a second time if the drug is needed again.
Penicillin allergy
Some individuals are allergic to this commonly used antibiotic, thus making it the common cause for drug allergy. Over time, however, many individuals who had a previous severe reaction to penicillin have diminished sensitivity and can be managed safely.
Symptoms of penicillin allergy
Mild to moderate reactions to penicillin are considered common and the symptoms include the following:
- Swelling of the tissue beneath the skin particularly the face
- Hives
- Wheezing
- Tightness of the throat
- Coughing
- Difficulty breathing
An uncommon but serious allergic reaction with an abrupt onset to penicillin is anaphylaxis which occurs among highly sensitive individuals. Take note that anaphylaxis occurs suddenly and can worsen rapidly and can be fatal. The symptoms of anaphylaxis not only include skin symptoms but also chest tightness, difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat and tongue as well as dizziness or loss of consciousness. These can quickly lead to shock and heart failure.
The symptoms entail immediate attention at the nearest emergency department. Epinephrine is administered but if the individual has an auto-injector, it must be given as soon as possible.
Those who experience severe reactions to penicillin must seek emergency care which includes an epinephrine injection along with treatment to maintain the blood pressure and normal breathing.