Parainfluenza is a group of viruses known as human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs). Take note that it includes 4 viruses with distinct symptoms and ailments. These forms can trigger an infection either in the lower or upper respiratory tract.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0ulSK2GGNM
The signs of parainfluenza viruses are similar as the common cold. For mild cases, the viruses are often wrongly diagnosed. Healthy individuals can recover without requiring treatment. Nevertheless, those with compromised immune systems face the risk for a dangerous infection.
What are the signs?
The usual signs of parainfluenza viruses are strikingly the same as the common cold such as:
- Runny nose
- Cough
- Fever
- Shortness of breath
- Stuffed nose
- Sore throat
- Chest pain
- Wheezing
- Difficulty breathing
The usual signs of parainfluenza viruses are strikingly the same as the common cold.
In most cases, the signs are not severe enough to trigger concern among healthy individuals. On the other hand, they can be dangerous in an elderly, infant or individuals with a weak or compromised immune system,
Among those who are included in the high-risk group should consult a doctor right away or taken to the nearest emergency department.
Types of parainfluenza viruses
There are 4 forms of parainfluenza viruses that can trigger respiratory infection, but the type of infection, signs and site of the infection is based on the form of virus present. All the forms can infect individuals of all ages.
- HPIV-1 – this is the main reason of croup among children. Croup is an ailment characterized by swelling close to the vocal cords and other regions of the upper respiratory tract.
- HPIV-2 – this virus causes croup among children but considered as an uncommon cause and less in severity than the HPIV-1
- HPIV-3 – this form is typically linked with bronchiolitis and pneumonia.
- HPIV-4 – this is a rare form and does not have a seasonal pattern.
Transmission
One can become infected by the parainfluenza viruses in various ways. The viruses can survive on hard surfaces for up to 10 hours. If an individual touches a contaminated surface with his/her hands and touches the mouth or nose, he/she can become infected.
The viruses can also spread via close contact with an infected individual. In most cases, it takes 2-7 days after being infected for the symptoms to arise.
Management
Take note that there is no available treatment that can get rid of the parainfluenza viruses from the body. If one acquires the infection, it is left to run its course.
The signs can be managed with over-the-counter measures such as analgesics and saline nasal drops. Nevertheless, children and teenagers with fever should not be given aspirin.
In addition, a cool mist humidifier can be used to allow a child with croup to breathe easier.