Mitral valve stenosis is characterized by narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve. The condition limits the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
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Since the condition causes the narrowing of the valve opening from the left atrium to the left ventricle, the volume of blood that brings oxygen from the lungs is diminished which causes shortness of breath. It is important to note that the volume and pressure from the blood left in the atrium increases which causes the enlargement of the left atrium and buildup of fluid in the lungs.
What are the causes?
Mitral valve stenosis generally results from rheumatic fever which is a childhood ailment that oftentimes occur if strep throat or scarlet fever is left untreated or not properly cared for.
It is important to note that rheumatic fever is considered rare in some countries due to the use of effective antibiotics in preventing infections.
There are 2 conditions not linked to mitral valve stenosis but triggers strikingly same symptoms specifically myxoma and the presence of a nearby clot that reduces the flow of blood via the mitral valve.
Management of mitral valve stenosis
Always bear in mind that medications could not be used to fix a valve defect, but the doctor might suggest the following treatment options:
- Diuretics to minimize the accumulation of fluid in the lungs
- Blood thinners to prevent the formation of blood clots
- Anti-arrhythmic drugs that must be taken as prescribed
It is important to note that the mitral valve can be generally fixed or replaced with surgery or with a minimally invasive procedure.