It is important to note that the rays of the sun reach the earth as ultraviolet rays. The ultraviolet light can damage the skin but there are differences to note. The UVA rays mainly cause premature aging of the skin and tanning. As for the UVB rays, they are known to trigger sunburn. Being exposed to sunlight which overpowers the defenses of the skin can result to sunburn. Bear in mind that sun poisoning is basically a severe case of sunburn that causes symptoms beyond the usual warm reddened skin, producing skin blisters, fever, nausea and chills.
Cooling
When it comes to severe cases of sunburn or sun poisoning, it affects a large area in the body. The skin will turn red and warm to the touch and sore upon contact or movement.
A cool bath reduces the pain and redness of severely damaged skin. In cases of sunburn with fever, it can help reduce the temperature as well. When out of the tub, a cold washcloth or cold compress can help soothe the worse areas.
Topical treatment
It is recommended to utilize a mild moisturizing cream, aloe vera or hydrocortisone cream to keep the skin moist after the burn as well as through the period of peeling. If these products are stored in the refrigerator, they provide an added cooling relief. It is not advisable to use products that contain an anesthetic such a benzocaine since it can cause further irritation and there is limited proof on their effectiveness.
Corticosteroids
The systemic corticosteroids such as prednisone are prescribed by doctors to manage burns from fires, hasten the healing and minimize the pain and swelling. The use of these medications for severe cases of sunburn is controversial. Take note that they are not effective if given more than 24-48 hours after the burn while the extent of sunburn can take up to 24 hours to manifest and 72 hours to peak.
How to care for the blisters
Severe cases of sunburn can lead to elevated, fluid-filled blisters. If the blisters are popped open, it prolongs the healing time and increases the risk for infection. It is recommended to cover the blisters lightly using gauze and apply an antibacterial ointment if the blisters break spontaneously.
NSAIDs
There are also over-the-counter or prescription NSAIDs that serve a double purpose in cases of severe sunburn by minimizing the pain and fever. Ibuprofen, acetaminophen and naproxen can help manage the fever and pain due to severe sunburn.
Hydration
Sunburn takes away the moisture in the skin that should be replenished for it to heal. It is vital to drink water to restore what was lost to the sun. Proper hydration after a severe case of sunburn can help the body cool itself. Slowly sipping cool water can also help fight off nausea.
Avoiding the sun
It is important to stay out of the sun in order to prevent the symptoms from getting worse. Remember that the skin becomes highly sensitive to sunlight until the sunburn has fully healed.