IT (iliotibial) band syndrome is caused by swelling of the iliotibial band which is a dense ensemble of tough tissue which travels through the exterior of either leg. This band starts with the hip then stretches to the exterior flank of the shin bone right below the knee joint. The band helps with synchronization with a number of the muscles in the thigh to offer steadiness to the exterior of the knee joints.
Iliotibial band syndrome develops once there is irritation to this band. In most cases, the irritation typically occurs over the exterior part of the knee joint. The iliotibial band traverses bone and muscle at this point. In between these structures is the bursa which facilitates the smooth gliding movement. On the other hand, if inflamed, the iliotibial band will not slide smoothly and results to pain linked with movement.
What are the indications of IT band syndrome?
As mentioned earlier, the main function of the iliotibial band is to both provide stability to the knee as well as assist with bending the knee joint. Once irritated, moving the knee joint triggers pain. In most cases, the pain exacerbates with continuous motion and subsides with rest.
The usual symptoms of IT band syndrome include pain over the exterior of the knee joint, snapping or popping sensation as the knee is bent and swelling at the area of discomfort.
Those who engage in endurance sports are at risk for developing IT band syndrome. In addition, those who abruptly increase their level of activity particularly runners who increase their mileage often end up with the syndrome.
Treatment of IT band syndrome
The treatment for this syndrome usually starts with efforts to control the inflammation. The initial stage of treatment includes the following:
- Adequate rest – the initial step is to allow the inflammation to subside so that the joint can rest sufficiently.
- Application of ice – applying an ice pack over the area of discomfort can help reduce the pain and inflammation.
- Anti-inflammatory medications – these are commonly recommended by the doctor to reduce the inflammation around the iliotibial band.
The moment the acute symptoms are properly managed, the individual should make the necessary efforts to increase flexibility and strength of the knee and hip. In most rehabilitation programs, they focus on both knee and hip function since the iliotibial band requires correct mechanics of both these joints for normal functioning.
Working hand-in-hand with a physical therapist can help ensure that the individual is developing an appropriate treatment tactic. Cyclists, runners and other endurance sports enthusiasts must find suitable cross-training techniques that enable maintenance of their endurance without prolonging the discomfort.
In some cases, an injection of cortisone into the area of inflammation can be performed. This is usually done if other treatment options fail to work. In case other measures to relieve the discomfort of IT band syndrome fail, surgery is considered as an option but only in rare circumstances.