A concussion is a form of traumatic brain injury caused by a strike to the head, fall or other injury that shakes the brain within the skull. Even though there might be bruises or wounds on the head or face, there are no other indications of brain injury.
An individual does not have to lose consciousness to have a concussion. Some have evident symptoms such as passing out or forgetting what occurred right before the injury. By getting enough rest, many can recover fully from the injury. Some can recover in a few hours while others can take weeks.
Remember that after a concussion, the brain becomes highly sensitive to damage. During the recovery, the individual should avoid activities that can injure him/her again.
Indications of a concussion
It is not easy to determine if an individual had a concussion. The indications can range from mild to severe and last for hours, days, weeks or even months. If any of these are present, a doctor must be consulted:
Physical
- Headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dizziness
- Blurry or fuzzy vision
- Balance issues
- Sensitivity to noise or light
- Tiredness or lack of energy
Thinking and remembering
- Feeling slowed down
- Not able to think clearly
- Unable to remember fresh information
- Unable to concentrate
Emotional and mood
- Sad or more emotional
- Easily angered or upset
- Nervous or anxious
Sleep
- Difficulty falling asleep
- Sleeping more than usual
- Sleeping less than normal
Remember that concussions among older adults can be dangerous. The reason for this is that the concussions are often missed.
The indications of a serious issue include a headache that worsens or increasing confusion or both. A doctor must be consulted right away.
Management
After assessment by a doctor, some individuals are required to stay in a healthcare facility to be monitored. Others can safely return home. Those who go home should still be monitored for any warning signs or behavioral changes.
Call for emergency assistance immediately if an individual with a concussion has the following:
- Headache that worsens or does not settle
- Slurred speech
- Repeated episodes of nausea or vomiting
- Numbness, weakness or diminished level of coordination
- Excessive drowsiness or difficult to awaken
- Convulsions or seizures
- Unequal pupil size
- Difficulty recognizing places or people
- Increased restlessness, confusion or agitation
- Loss of consciousness
Quick Note / Disclaimer
The material posted on this page on a concussion is for learning and educational purposes only. To learn to recognize and manage head injuries including a concussion, register for a first aid and CPR course with Ottawa First Aid.