SARS or severe acute respiratory syndrome is a respiratory ailment that infected individuals in parts of Asia, Europe and North America back in 2002-2003. SARS is triggered by a variant of coronavirus that causes mild to moderate upper respiratory illness such as common cold.
It is believed by expects that SARS might initially developed among animals since the virus was found in civets and other animals.
How does SARS spread?
Similar with other respiratory ailments, SARS spreads via contact with infected droplets or saliva from coughing. Generally, close contact is required to acquire the infection such as living with or caring for an infected individual or inhaling air exhaled by a sick individual.
The infection can develop after:
- Sharing food or beverages with a sick individual
An individual with SARS might also have muscle aches, headache, diarrhea and sore throat. - Close contact with an infected individual
- Kissing or hugging an infected person
- Exposure to droplets on the hands by touching contaminated objects or surfaces and touching the nose, eyes or mouth
What are the indications?
The main symptoms include:
- Fever
- Dry cough
- Difficulty breathing
- Shortness of breath
An individual with SARS might also have muscle aches, headache, diarrhea and sore throat. Among the elderly, there is malaise and diminished appetite but without fever. For those who have symptoms that rapidly worsen, hospitalization is required.
It might take 3-7 days for the symptoms appear but can be delayed for up to 10 days. If an individual is suspected with the condition, get in touch with the local health unit before going there. The health unit should ensure that others will not be infected.
Management
In severe cases of SARS, treatment in a healthcare facility is required especially if breathing issues develop. The individual is placed under isolation to prevent the spread to others.
Medications are given such as corticosteroids and an antiviral medication ribavirin which is widely utilized to manage the condition but no medication can fully cure the ailment.
Prevention
The ideal way to prevent the spread of SARS is to avoid areas with reported outbreaks as well as avoid exposure to potentially infected individuals. The risk for acquiring the infection is also reduced by regular hand washing using soap or alcohol-based hand cleaners.
More Information / Disclaimer
The information posted on this page on SARS is for learning purposes only. Learn to recognize and manage respiratory emergencies including SARS by taking a standard first aid course with Ottawa First Aid.