Contact dermatitis is a form of skin rash that occurs after exposure to chemicals or physical substances. There are 2 forms of contact dermatitis:
- Allergic – occurs if the skin is highly sensitive to an allergen. This is a delayed skin reaction that generally arises 12-72 hours after exposure
- Irritant – occurs if the skin is continuously exposed to a mild irritant over an extended period
What are the common sources?
Allergic
Some of the common sources of the allergic form of contact dermatitis include:
- Cosmetics
- Metals such as nickel
- Fragrances in soaps, perfumes, lotions and shampoos
- Sunscreen products
- Topical medications such as anti-itch preparations or antibiotics
- Preservatives
The indications of contact dermatitis range from minor redness and dryness to significant pain and peeling. - Rubber ingredients
Irritant
Soaps, detergents, waxes, cleaners and chemicals can irritate the skin. These irritants wear down the oily, protective layer of the skin and result to contact dermatitis.
This form of contact dermatitis is common among individuals who regularly work with strong chemicals or detergents.
What are the indications?
The indications of contact dermatitis range from minor redness and dryness to significant pain and peeling.
Allergic
- Skin redness
- Intermittent, scaly, dry skin patches
- Hives
- Sun sensitivity
- Blisters that ooze fluid
- Swollen face, eyes and genital areas
- Darkened, cracked and leathery skin
- Burning or itchiness that can be intense without evident skin sores
Irritant
- Blisters
- Minimal skin swelling
- Dry, cracked skin
- Stiff, tight skin
- Painful skin ulcers
Management of contact dermatitis
The treatment is based on the cause of contact dermatitis. The commonly used treatments include:
- Oral and/or topical corticosteroids
- Antihistamines
- Oatmeal baths
Prevention
Allergic
- Avoid exposure to substances responsible for the skin rash
- Thoroughly wash any area that is in contact with allergic substances
Irritant
Use cotton gloves beneath rubber gloves for any form of wet work. Apply petroleum jelly to shield the skin. Make sure to reapply 2-3 times throughout the day and after washing hands.
- Avoid contact with substances that can irritate the skin
- Use mild products including soaps and lotions.
- Regularly apply the suitable lotions and hand creams