The normal heart rate is within 60-100 beats in a minute. It is important to note that the heart rate might rise to 160-180 or higher per minute during intense physical activity. Alterations in the diet, drugs, age and activity might affect the heart rate. Once the heart rate becomes rapid for no evident reason, it might be an indication of an irregularity.
Tachycardia
An abnormally rapid heart rate more than 100 beats in a minute is called as tachycardia. This occurs if there is an issue with the electrical system in the heart which flows from the upper to lower heart chambers and produces the heartbeat.
What are the types?
Supraventricular tachycardia
Tachycardia that originates in the upper chamber is known as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). This is not considered serious but frequent recurrences can lead to the weakening of the heart muscles over time.
Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) originates in the inferior chambers or ventricles of the heart and considered more serious and a potentially dangerous form of tachycardia. A prolonged episode can result to a severely rapid and erratic ventricular beat called ventricular fibrillation. Take note that this is the usual cause of cardiac arrest.
Is the cause of the racing heart rate a panic or anxiety attack?
A racing heart rate is a typical indication of a panic or anxiety attack. During a panic or anxiety attack, there is an abrupt, overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety.
Management
In case panic or anxiety is not the root of the racing heart rate, a doctor should be consulted to determine the type of tachycardia present and suitable treatment options. Tests such as an electrocardiogram and electrophysiology study might be carried out.
If SVT is detected, it is managed with medications or catheter ablation. As for VT, it is treated with catheter ablation along with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).