Sinusitis is an infection affecting the sinus cavities which are hollow areas of the skull that produce mucus that drains out of the nasal passageways. Once the sinuses are clogged by mucus, growths or swollen tissues, they could not drain properly. In such cases, the sinus cavities become infected. Take note that sinusitis can be considered acute if it lasts less than 3-4 weeks or chronic if it lasts for 3 months or more.
When it comes to chronic sinusitis, it can be a complex condition with several factors that contribute to the obstruction or inability of the body to fight off the infection.
Why sinusitis occurs
Cases of acute sinusitis are triggered by common cold or allergies. The exact cause of chronic sinusitis might be more complex and typically the outcome of more than one factor.
Indications of sinusitis
The signs and symptoms of sinusitis tend to vary from one individual to another and depend on the type of sinusitis. Take note that facial pain, headache and pressure are present in most cases. Other symptoms of sinusitis include the following:
- Headache
- Sinus squeeze
- Congestion
- Pain/pressure in the face
- Fatigue
- Toothache
- Runny nose
- Fever
- Cough
- Postnasal drip
- Ear pain
- Reduced sense of smell
- Bad breath
Due to the similarity of the symptoms of sinusitis and allergies, some cases are misdiagnosed as allergies. Some who believe they have allergies actually had the chronic type.
When to consult a doctor
Mild cases of acute sinusitis do not require a trip to the doctor. On the other hand, most sinus infections would require an appointment. In most cases, prescription antibiotics are always required while severe cases might even need surgery as a form of treatment. The doctor can also help determine the underlying cause of the sinus issues.
Diagnosing sinusitis
The doctor will take into consideration the symptoms, history of allergies, any recent cold or other potential risk factors that can contribute to the condition. In addition, the following tests are utilized in order to diagnose sinusitis:
- Nasal endoscopy
- Physical examination
- MRI
- CT scan
- X-ray
Treatment of sinusitis
There are various treatment options for sinusitis that range from nasal irrigation using saline nasal spray or neti pots to surgery. In some cases, the individual might need a combination of these treatments in order to properly manage the condition.
Prevention of sinusitis
It is important to note that sinusitis can be prevented in some circumstances. The following are useful tips to prevent the condition.
- Provide a decongestant if an individual has common cold
- Stop smoking
- Manage the allergy symptoms properly
- If an individual has a cold, allergies or history of sinus diseases, a decongestant can be used before diving or getting on an airplane
- Avoid exposure to environmental pollutants whenever possible
- Any structural abnormalities should be repaired surgically
In some studies conducted, it suggested that daily nasal irrigation using a neti pot can minimize the number of sinus infections an individual acquires. In one study, this can actually increase the risk for developing a sinus infection.