Shigellosis is a bacterial infection involving the digestive tract. The condition is brought about by a group of bacteria known as Shigella. The Shigella bacterium spreads via contaminated food and water. This bacteria releases toxin that can irritate the intestines. Diarrhea is the main symptom of shigellosis.
Toddlers and preschoolers are at higher risk for the condition than older children and adults. The reason for this is that young children are likely to place their fingers in the mouths often and expected to ingest bacteria.
Indications of shigellosis
Frequent episodes of watery diarrhea is the main indication of shigellosis. Other symptoms that might arise include:
- Nausea
- Abdominal cramps
- Vomiting
Many with shigellosis might also have either blood or mucus in the stool and even fever.
The symptoms generally start within 3 days of being exposed to Shigella. In some instances, the indications of infection might arise up to a week after exposure.
Diarrhea and other indications of shigellosis typically last between 2-7 days. A mild infection can last for a couple of days without requiring treatment. Nevertheless, it is vital to keep the body properly hydrated during the episodes of diarrhea.
If the episodes of diarrhea continue for more than 3 days, a doctor must be consulted. This is important especially if the individual could not hold down any water or food. Remember that dehydration is a potential danger linked with the condition.
Management
Dealing with dehydration is the main objective of treatment in most cases of shigellosis. It is vital to increase the intake of fluids especially electrolyte solutions that are readily available over-the-counter.
For moderate to severe infections, medical care is needed. Antibiotics are given to get rid of the bacteria in the digestive tract. A stool exam is done to confirm if Shigella is the source.
The commonly used antibiotics include ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. It is rare for an individual with shigellosis to be hospitalized. Nevertheless, in severe cases, it is required. If the individual experiences severe vomiting and nausea, intravenous fluids and medications are needed.