Pelvic pain often refers to pain that occurs in the region of the internal reproductive organs of women. This pain can be present in both males and females and originate from other causes. The pelvic pain can be an indication of infection or arise from pain in the pelvis bone or in other non-reproductive internal organs. Among women, the pain can indicate that there might be an issue with one of the reproductive organs in the pelvic area.
Symptoms linked to pelvic pain
Several symptoms are associated to pelvic pain such as the following:
- Menstrual pain or cramps
- Painful or difficulty in urination
- Vaginal bleeding, discharge or spotting
- Bloating or gas
- Constipation or diarrhea
The pelvic pain can be an indication of infection or arise from pain in the pelvis bone or in other non-reproductive internal organs. - Fever or chills
- Blood-streaked bowel movement
- Pain during intercourse
- Pain in the groin or hip area
Causes of pelvic pain
Possible causes of pelvic pain in both women and men include the following:
- Bladder conditions such as urinary tract infection
- Appendicitis
- Hernia
- Sexually transmitted diseases
- Nerve issues such as a pinched nerve of the spine
- Kidney infection or kidney stones
- Intestinal conditions such as colitis or diverticulitis
- Broken or fractured pelvic bones
- Pelvic conditions such as spasms and tightening of the pelvic muscles
- Psychogenic pain which is linked to psychological trauma or stress from the past
Among women, the possible causes of pelvic pain include miscarriage, pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, menstrual cramps, ovulation, fibroids, ovarian cysts or disorders, endometriosis and even cancer.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing pelvic pain involves a review of the symptoms and medical history of the individual. A physical exam and other tests can also help in diagnosing the condition. Take note that specific testing usually depends on the doctor. Some of the diagnostic tools used include blood and urine tests, abdominal and pelvic X-rays, pregnancy tests in females, ultrasound, CT scan, diagnostic laparoscopy and stool guaiac test.
Treatment of pelvic pain
The management of pelvic pain tends to vary on the cause, intensity of pain and its frequency. Oftentimes, pelvic pain is managed with medications including antibiotics if needed. In case the pain results from an issue with one of the pelvic organs, the treatment might involve surgery or other procedures.
Physical therapy can be useful in some cases. In addition, living with chronic pelvic pain can be stressful and upsetting, thus it is required to work with a trained counselor.