A MCL tear might be an isolated injury or part of a complex injury to the knee joint. The MCL or medial collateral ligament is one of the main ligaments vital to the stability of the joint.
Since the MCL limits widening of the interior of the knee joint, the ligament is damaged once the outside of the joint is hit. This force causes the outside of the knee to buckle while the interior widens. If stretched excessively, it is prone to tearing and injury.
What are the signs?
The usual sign that arises after a MCL tear is pain or discomfort on the ligament. There is inflammation over the ripped ligament along with bruising. Generalized swelling of the joint is likely to arise 1-2 days after sustaining the injury.
In severe injuries, the individual feels as if the knee is unstable, or the knee might “give out” or buckle.
- Grade I tear – this involves a partial MCL tear. There is knee pain with pressure on the ligament, but the individual can resume sports or activities quickly
- Grade II tear – there is instability if attempting to perform cutting or pivoting motions. The pain and puffiness are more evident, and the individual should rest for a span of 3-4 weeks.
- Grade III tear – there is full tearing of the MCL with significant swelling and pain as well as difficulty flexing the joint. Giving out or instability is also present. In most cases, a knee brace or immobilizer is required for comfort and healing might take 10-12 weeks.
Management of a MCL tear
The treatment for a MCL tear is based on the seriousness of the injury. In most cases, the treatment is initially started by allowing the discomfort to subside followed by mobility and strengthening of the knee.
Bracing is also beneficial in the treatment for MCL injuries. Luckily, most cases do not require surgery.
More Information / Disclaimer
The information posted on this page on a MCL tear is for learning purposes only. Learn to recognize the signs and how it is managed by taking a standard first aid course with Ottawa First Aid.