An individual with insulin resistance have cells that could not utilize insulin effectively. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas which allows the cells to utilize glucose for energy.
If an individual has insulin resistance, the cells could not properly absorb glucose which results to the buildup of sugar in the blood. Once the blood glucose level is higher than normal, but not enough to be considered as type 2 diabetes, it is called as prediabetes.
It is still unclear why some develop insulin resistance and others do not. Being overweight or obese are the leading risk factors. In addition, a sedentary lifestyle can also lead to prediabetes or type 2 diabetes especially if overweight.
What are the effects of insulin resistance?
Insulin resistance does not often trigger any evident symptoms especially in the initial phases. An individual might be resistant to insulin for years without knowing, particularly those who have not checked their blood glucose levels.
Some individuals with insulin resistance might develop acanthosis nigricans which is characterized by dark patches on the back of the neck, armpits and groins. It also increases the risk for type 2 diabetes.
Insulin resistance can also impair the blood vessels which increases the risk for stroke and heart disease. Those who have the condition are at higher risk for progressing to diabetes.
Testing
If an individual does not have any evident symptoms, insulin resistance, prediabetes and diabetes can be detected with the following:
- A1C test – this is used to diagnose if an individual has prediabetes or diabetes. The test measures the average blood sugar over the past 2-3 months.
- Fasting blood glucose test – this test is taken after fasting for at least 8 hours.
- Random blood draws – the blood glucose level can be checked at any time of the day
Prevention
One might be able to prevent diabetes with regular exercise and a well-balanced diet. Cutting down excess weight and maintaining at a healthy lifestyle is the ideal way to maintain the blood glucose levels at the right range.
Remember that a diagnosis of insulin resistance or prediabetes is only a warning. These conditions can be often reversed with healthy lifestyle choices.