A concussion is basically a traumatic blow to the brain. Always bear in mind that the injury typically occurs if a direct blow to the head triggers the brain to jerk off the skull, thus leading to shock and swelling. A concussion can also occur if the injury causes bleeding within the skull that compresses the brain. Always bear in mind that the symptoms of a concussion are due to trauma to various regions of the brain. Since infants could not explain the symptoms, parents should be vigilant and aware for the possible symptoms.
Changes in the mental status
Once a baby cries after sustaining a blow to the head, this is an indication that he/she does not have a concussion. Nonetheless, a baby who becomes unconscious even for a short period could have sustained a hematoma. A hematoma involves the accumulation of blood which presses on the brain.
In some cases, an infant might hold his/her breath which may lead you to believe that he/she passed out. You have to wait for a few seconds to see if he/she breathes again. In case the infant is unconscious, check if he/she is breathing and pink. If bluish and not breathing, perform CPR. If loss of consciousness is accompanied by a seizure, make sure that there is nothing inside the mouth to choke on and position him/her flat and call for emergency assistance.
An infant with a concussion can appear very lethargic. He/she might refuse to eat, play and becomes sleepy and limp. These symptoms indicate the need for immediate medical care.
What are the ocular symptoms?
The development of changes in the eye can indicate a concussion. Infants who sustained a head injury can have an enlarged pupil in one eye only. The child might also have crossed eyes or even rolling eyes. Always bear in mind that any alteration in the eyes after a head injury requires immediate evaluation by a doctor.
Other physical symptoms
The soft spots or fontanelles at the top of the head appears to bulge and feels full and tense. An infant with a bulging fontanelle must be assessed by a doctor since this indicates accumulation of fluid inside the skull.
If there is drainage of clear fluid from the ear or nose, it should be checked by a doctor since there might be a skull fracture or tear in the covering of the brain. After sustaining a head injury, vomiting is not uncommon but vomiting after that, especially if it is forceful and repeatedly can indicate a possible concussion.