An ingrown toenail grows into the skin, typically at the borders of the nail. As the nail digs into the skin, it often results to redness, pain, warmth and redness in the toe.
If an ingrown toenail results to a break in the skin, bacteria might enter and trigger an infection in the area which is often indicated by foul odor and drainage. Nevertheless, even if the toe is not red, sore, warm or distended, a nail that bends downward into the skin might progress into an infection.
What are the causes?
The possible causes of an ingrown toenail include:
- Trauma – oftentimes, an ingrown toenail is due to trauma such as an object falling on the toe, stubbing the toe or engaging in activities involving repetitive pressure on the toes.
- Heredity – in some individuals, there is increased likelihood for the toenail to become ingrown.
- Incorrect trimming – cutting the nails too short is the usual cause which encourages the skin next to the nail to fold over the nail
- Certain nail conditions – fungal infections or nail loss from trauma
- Wearing incorrectly-sized footwear – wearing shoes or socks that are too short or tight
Management of an ingrown toenail
Oftentimes, the initial treatment for an ingrown toenail can be done at home. Nevertheless, home care is discouraged if an infection is likely or those who have medical conditions that puts the feet at risk such as nerve damage in the foot, diabetes or poor circulation.
Home care
If there is no infection or any of the high-risk conditions, the foot can be soaked in room-temperature water and gently massage the side of the nail fold to minimize the inflammation.
Do not attempt to repeatedly cut off the nail. This can cause the condition to worsen over time. In case the symptoms persist, a doctor should be consulted.
Medical care
After the toe is assessed by the doctor, the ideal treatment is chosen. If infection is present, an oral antibiotic might be prescribed.
Oftentimes, minor surgery is done to reduce the pain and get rid of the nail. Once a local anesthetic is applied, the doctor removes part of the border of the nail. In some cases, the nail might become ingrown again which necessitates removal of the nail root.
After the procedure, a light bandage is applied. Most experience minor pain after surgery and able to resume normal activity the next day. If the doctor prescribed an oral antibiotic, it should be taken as instructed even if the symptoms has settled early.