Cholera is an infection affecting the intestines due to Vibrio cholera. It results to watery diarrhea that can vary from minor to severe.
The condition is uncommon in developed countries, but if travelling to certain developing countries, a child might acquire cholera after drinking or in uncommon cases where raw or undercooked shellfish was eaten.
Some strains of Vibrio do not cause cholera but can cause diarrhea and might be responsible for blood and wound infections. These are usually linked with the preparation or consumption of raw or undercooked seafood especially shrimp, oysters and crabs.
What are the indications?
There are cases of cholera that do not cause any symptoms. In most instances, however, there is minor to moderate episodes of diarrhea. In limited cases, watery diarrhea can be severe and dehydration occurs. It is also common for vomiting to occur that can be severe.
The early indications of dehydration include the following:
- Dry mouth
- Thirst
- Sunken eyes
The condition is uncommon in developed countries, but if travelling to certain developing countries, a child might acquire cholera after drinking or in uncommon cases where raw or undercooked shellfish was eaten. - Reduced urination
In severe cases, especially if fluids are not replaced, serious complications can occur such as shock, seizures and coma.
Management
Children with dehydration due to cholera require immediate rehydration as soon as possible. This is usually done using oral solutions that are specifically made and most are available over-the-counter.
For young children who are moderate to severely sick, intravenous fluids might be required. Antibiotics are usually given such as tetracycline, doxycycline or sulfamethoxazole to eliminate the bacteria and reduce the length of diarrhea. Anti-diarrheal medications should not be given to young children since these can worsen the condition.
Preventive measures
Vibrio cholera can be eliminated by filtering, boiling or treating water using chemicals such as iodine or chlorine. Proper cooking of food that contains that organism can also eliminate the bacteria. Any leftover cooked seafood must be refrigerated right away.
Observe precautions such as ensuring that food is properly cooked and water is boiled. Raw vegetables, salads and fruits that have been peeled as well as from street vendors must be avoided.