Facial fractures involve damage to any of the bones forming the face. The face is comprised of the mandible, maxilla which is comprised of the nose and upper jaw and the zygomatic bones or the cheeks.
What are the indications?
The indications of facial fractures are based on the severity and location, but generally include the following:
- Immediate pain
- Swelling
Facial fractures might also occur from a direct impact or strike. This can occur in sports such as rugby, cricket or hockey or even from vehicular accidents. - Bruising
- One side of the face might appear deformed
- Bleeding from the eyes or nose
- Straw-colored or pale fluid from the ears, eyes or nose
Remember that cuts or wounds might be present especially if the injury was due to a sharp object.
Facial fractures might also occur from a direct impact or strike. This can occur in sports such as rugby, cricket or hockey or even from vehicular accidents.
What are the types of facial fractures
Zygomatic arch and orbital fractures
The zygomatic bones form the cheekbones and lower region of the eye socket. This type of facial fracture often occurs after being struck by a ball or fist to the cheek bone. The treatment requires surgery to reduce the displaced bones as well as fix unstable fractures.
Maxillary fractures
A maxillary fracture involves a break in the upper jaw bone including the nose. These facial fractures might be accompanied by airway obstruction, swollen soft palate and disruptions in the eye socket.
The initial treatment is aimed on protecting the airways by positioning the individual in a seated position while leaning forwards.
Mandibular fractures
Mandibular fractures affect the lower jaw bone and the most common form of facial fractures. It is usually due to a direct blow or strike. The fracture is likely to occur in more than a single location and might be displaced or not.
The immediate treatment usually involves proper upkeep of the airways in a frontward sitting position. The jaw must be braced by the hand of the individual or another or with a bandage or cervical collar.
Quick Note / Disclaimer
The material posted on this page on facial fractures is for learning and educational purposes only. To learn to recognize and manage fractures, register for a first aid and CPR course with Ottawa First Aid.