Orthotics are basically shoe inserts that are structured to provide support, cushioning, stability and relief to the pressure areas of the foot. These inserts can be soft, semi-rigid or rigid. They can also be customized using a mold or impression of the foot or available commercially.
Why do I need orthotics?
Orthotics are utilized to manage foot and leg issues due to foot abnormalities or variances in the foot structure such as flat foot or those that have a high arch.
They are utilized to manage leg injuries where the foot structure might be a contributing factor. The effectiveness of orthotics depends on the fit, design and if used properly.
Close look on pronation and supination
While running or walking, the foot undergoes pronation and supination. Everyday all of us pronate and supinate. Nevertheless, once pronation or supination becomes excessive, injury can occur.
Pronation
This occurs if the foot lands on the ground. The arch flatters while the heel flares out and the shin bone inwardly rotates. This allows the foot to take in shock and adapt to the surface.
A flat foot excessively pronates. Even if a foot has an arch, excess pronation results to the collapse of the arch during weight bearing. Due to the instability of a flat foot, the leg muscles strain to stabilize the foot while walking or running. This can lead to stress fractures and shin splints.
Supination
This occurs before pushing off while running or walking. Supination increases the arch, capsizes the heel and ensures that the foot is rigid to enable a push-off. If the foot has an elevated arch, it is stiff and supinates.
This type has stability and support but lacks flexibility to absorb shock. This rigidity can result to stress fractures or overuse injuries.
Suitable orthotics to use
- Flat foot – rigid or semi-rigid orthotic for stability, movement control and control of the hind foot.
- High arch – this requires a softened shoe or shock-absorbing interior
It is important to note that an orthotic is a tool to be used as treatment for specific injuries. There is still no clear proof that it can prevent injuries. Nevertheless, using an incorrect type can trigger or aggravate an injury.