Avoidance of foods that trigger the reactions is vital if an individual has oral allergy syndrome. In most cases, the individual should only avoid raw foods since cooking destroys the allergens. In some cases, the individual can tolerate various fruits and vegetables, thus it is recommended to check whether he/she can tolerate one type of apple even if another type triggers the symptoms. Nevertheless, if the individual experiences a severe reaction such as breathing difficulty or shock, he/she must avoid the food in any form. Similarly, if he/she has another type of plant food allergy such as nuts, it is advised to avoid any form of the food that triggered the symptoms.
Usual triggers
Fresh fruit, raw vegetables and nuts are the common triggers of oral allergy syndrome. It is important to note that some are affected by 1-2 foods while others react to various foods. The common trigger foods include apples, kiwi, peaches, hazelnuts and almonds.
In most circumstances, the allergens are easily inactivated by cooking, processing and digestion. It is important to bear in mind that the symptoms are usually limited to the mouth and throat.
What to do during a reaction?
If there is a reaction, it is important to stay calm, rinse the mouth using plain water and rest. Warm water will help inactivate the residual allergen after eating a particular food. The itching, tingling and swelling should settle within 30 minutes up to an hour. In case the symptoms are unpleasant, a dose of an antihistamine can help. Nevertheless, mild symptoms will typically settle within 30 minutes before an antihistamine has time to work.
In case there is difficulty breathing, the voice turns hoarse, the throat is closing up or feeling faint, the individual entails additional treatment and seek urgent medical care. If an epinephrine auto-injector is available must be administered and seek emergency care. A dose of antihistamine should be taken if the individual can swallow. Just remember not to rely on antihistamine or an asthma pump if the individual has a food reaction that affects breathing or circulation. If needed, you have to administer a shot of epinephrine in such scenarios. Luckily, many individuals with oral allergy syndrome will not experience the severe symptoms.
How to be prepared
It is important to bear in mind that the preparation of food for your family can trigger reactions such as sneezing episodes (when scraping or peeling fruit and vegetables, particles can spread in the air), conjunctivitis (if exposed to the eye after touching certain fruits or vegetables) and wheals on the hands (if the skin is broken, allergens can enter). It is recommended to wear a mask or gloves but make sure to avoid latex gloves since these can trigger allergic reactions.
Once you suspect that an individual experiences the symptoms of oral allergy syndrome, it is recommended to consult a doctor so that proper treatment can be started in case of a reaction.